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ScalarDB SQL Grammar

DDL
DML
- SELECT
- INSERT
- UPDATE
- DELETE
Others
- USE
- BEGIN
- JOIN
- PREPARE
- VALIDATE
- COMMIT
- ROLLBACK
- SET MODE
- SHOW TABLES
- DESCRIBE
- SUSPEND
- RESUME

DDL

CREATE NAMESPACE

Before creating tables, namespaces must be created since a table belongs to one namespace. CREATE NAMESPACE command creates a namespace.

Grammar

CREATE NAMESPACE [IF NOT EXISTS] <namespace name> [WITH creation_options]

creation_options: <option name>=<option value> [AND <option name>=<option value>] ...

Please see ScalarDB Java API Guide - Creation Options for the details of Creation Options.

Examples

Examples of CREATE NAMESPACE are as follows:

-- Create a namespace "ns"
CREATE NAMESPACE ns;

-- Create a namespace only if it does not already exist
CREATE NAMESPACE IF NOT EXISTS ns;

-- Create a namespace with options
CREATE NAMESPACE ns WITH 'option1' = 'value1' AND 'option2' = 'value2' AND 'option3' = 'value3';

Examples of building statement objects for CREATE NAMESPACE are as follows:

// Create a namespace "ns"
CreateNamespaceStatement statement1 = StatementBuilder.createNamespace("ns").build();

// Create a namespace only if it does not already exist
CreateNamespaceStatement statement2 =
    StatementBuilder.createNamespace("ns").ifNotExists().build();

// Create a namespace with options
CreateNamespaceStatement statement3 =
    StatementBuilder.createNamespace("ns")
        .withOption("option1", "value1")
        .withOption("option2", "value2")
        .withOption("option3", "value3")
        .build();

CREATE TABLE

CREATE TABLE command creates a table.

Please see ScalarDB design document - Data Model for the details of the ScalarDB Data Model.

Grammar

Create a table with a primary key that is composed of a single column:

CREATE TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] [<namespace name>.]<table name> (
  <primary key column name> data_type PRIMARY KEY,
  <column name> data_type,
  ...
) [WITH creation_options]

data_type: BOOLEAN | INT | BIGINT | FLOAT | DOUBLE | TEXT | BLOB
creation_options: <option name>=<option value> [AND <option name>=<option value>] ...

Create a table with a primary key that is composed of one partition key column and multiple clustering key columns:

CREATE TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] [<namespace name>.]<table name> (
  <partition key column name> data_type,
  <clustering key column name> data_type,
  ...,
  <column name> data_type,
  ...,
  PRIMARY KEY (<partition key column name>, <clustering key column name> [, <clustering key column name>] ...)
) [WITH [clustering_order_definition [AND creation_options]] | creation_options]

clustering_order_definition: CLUSTERING ORDER BY (<clustering key column name> [clustering_order] [, <clustering key column name> [clustering_order]] ...)
clustering_order: ASC | DESC

If you omit clustering_order, the default clustering order ASC is used.

Create a table with a primary key that is composed of multiple partition key columns and multiple clustering key columns:

CREATE TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] [<namespace name>.]<table name> (
  <partition key column name> data_type,
  ...,
  <clustering key column name> data_type,
  ...,
  <column name1> data_type,
  <column name2> data_type,
  ...,
  PRIMARY KEY ((<partition key column name> [, <partition key column name>] ...), <clustering key column name> [, <clustering key column name>] ...)
) [WITH [clustering_order_definition [AND creation_options]] | creation_options]

Examples

Examples of CREATE TABLE are as follows:

-- Create a table with a primary key ("c1") and creation options
CREATE TABLE ns.tbl (
  c1 INT PRIMARY KEY,
  c2 TEXT,
  c3 FLOAT,
  c4 BIGINT,
  c5 BOOLEAN
) WITH 'option1' = 'value1' AND 'option2' = 'value2' AND 'option3' = 'value3';

-- Create a table with a partition key ("c1") and a clustering key ("c2" and "c3") with clustering order definition only if it does not already exist
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS tbl (
  c1 INT,
  c2 TEXT,
  c3 FLOAT,
  c4 BIGINT,
  c5 BOOLEAN,
  PRIMARY KEY (c1, c2, c3)
) WITH CLUSTERING ORDER BY (c2 DESC, c3 ASC);

-- Create a table with a partition key ("c1", "c2") and a clustering key ("c3" and "c4") with clustering order definition and creation options
CREATE TABLE ns.tbl (
  c1 INT,
  c2 TEXT,
  c3 FLOAT,
  c4 BIGINT,
  c5 BOOLEAN,
  PRIMARY KEY ((c1, c2), c3, c4)
) WITH CLUSTERING ORDER BY (c3 DESC, c4 ASC) AND 'option1' = 'value1' AND 'option2' = 'value2' AND 'option3' = 'value3';

Examples of building statement objects for CREATE TABLE are as follows:

// Create a table with a primary key ("c1") and creation options
CreateTableStatement statement1 =
    StatementBuilder.createTable("ns", "tbl")
        .withPartitionKey("c1", DataType.INT)
        .withColumn("c2", DataType.TEXT)
        .withColumn("c3", DataType.FLOAT)
        .withColumn("c4", DataType.BIGINT)
        .withColumn("c5", DataType.BOOLEAN)
        .withOption("option1", "value1")
        .withOption("option2", "value2")
        .withOption("option3", "value3")
        .build();

// Create a table with a partition key ("c1") and a clustering key ("c2" and "c3") with clustering order definition
CreateTableStatement statement2 =
    StatementBuilder.createTable("tbl")
        .ifNotExists()
        .withPartitionKey("c1", DataType.INT)
        .withClusteringKey("c2", DataType.TEXT)
        .withClusteringKey("c3", DataType.FLOAT)
        .withColumn("c4", DataType.BIGINT)
        .withColumn("c5", DataType.BOOLEAN)
        .withClusteringOrder("c2", ClusteringOrder.DESC)
        .withClusteringOrder("c3", ClusteringOrder.ASC)
        .build();

// Create a table with a partition key ("c1", "c2") and a clustering key ("c3" and "c4") with clustering order definition and creation options
CreateTableStatement statement3 =
    StatementBuilder.createTable("ns", "tbl")
        .withPartitionKey("c1", DataType.INT)
        .withPartitionKey("c2", DataType.TEXT)
        .withClusteringKey("c3", DataType.FLOAT)
        .withClusteringKey("c4", DataType.BIGINT)
        .withColumn("c5", DataType.BOOLEAN)
        .withClusteringOrder("c3", ClusteringOrder.DESC)
        .withClusteringOrder("c4", ClusteringOrder.ASC)
        .withOption("option1", "value1")
        .withOption("option2", "value2")
        .withOption("option3", "value3")
        .build();

CREATE INDEX

CREATE INDEX command creates a secondary index on a table.

Grammar

CREATE INDEX [IF NOT EXISTS] ON [<namespace name>.]<table name> (<column name>)

Examples

Examples of CREATE INDEX are as follows:

-- Create a secondary index on a column "c4" of a table "ns.tbl"
CREATE INDEX ON ns.tbl (c4);

-- Create a secondary index only if it does not already exist
CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS ON tbl (c4);

-- Create a secondary index with options
CREATE INDEX ON ns.tbl (c4) WITH 'option1' = 'value1' AND 'option2' = 'value2' AND 'option3' = 'value3';

Examples of building statement objects for CREATE INDEX are as follows:

// Create a secondary index on a column "c4" of a table "ns.tbl"
CreateIndexStatement statement1 =
    StatementBuilder.createIndex().onTable("ns", "tbl").column("c4").build();

// Create a secondary index only if it does not already exist
CreateIndexStatement statement2 =
    StatementBuilder.createIndex().ifNotExists().onTable("tbl").column("c4").build();

// Create a secondary index with options
CreateIndexStatement statement3 =
    StatementBuilder.createIndex()
        .onTable("ns", "tbl")
        .column("c4")
        .withOption("option1", "value1")
        .withOption("option2", "value2")
        .withOption("option3", "value3")
        .build();

TRUNCATE TABLE

TRUNCATE TABLE command truncates a table.

Grammar

TRUNCATE TABLE [<namespace name>.]<table name>

Examples

Examples of TRUNCATE TABLE are as follows:

-- Truncate a table "ns.tbl"
TRUNCATE TABLE ns.tbl;

Examples of building statement objects for TRUNCATE TABLE are as follows:

// Truncate a table "ns.tbl"
TruncateTableStatement statement = StatementBuilder.truncateTable("ns", "tbl").build();

DROP INDEX

DROP INDEX command drops a secondary index.

Grammar

DROP INDEX [IF EXISTS] ON [<namespace name>.]<table name> (<column name>)

Examples

Examples of DROP INDEX are as follows:

-- Drop a secondary index on a column "c4" of a table "ns.tbl"
DROP INDEX ON ns.tbl (c4);

-- Drop a secondary index only if it exists
DROP INDEX IF EXISTS ON tbl (c4);

Examples of building statement objects for DROP INDEX are as follows:

// Drop a secondary index on a column "c4" of a table "ns.tbl"
DropIndexStatement statement1 =
    StatementBuilder.dropIndex().onTable("ns", "tbl").column("c4").build();

// Drop a secondary index only if it exists
DropIndexStatement statement2 =
    StatementBuilder.dropIndex().ifExists().onTable("ns", "tbl").column("c4").build();

DROP TABLE

DROP TABLE command drops a table.

Grammar

DROP TABLE [IF EXISTS] [<namespace name>.]<table name>

Examples

Examples of DROP TABLE are as follows:

-- Drop a table "ns.tbl"
DROP TABLE ns.tbl;

-- Drop a table only if it exists
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS tbl;

Examples of building statement objects for DROP TABLE are as follows:

// Drop a table "ns.tbl"
DropTableStatement statement1 = StatementBuilder.dropTable("ns", "tbl").build();

// Drop a table only if it exists
DropTableStatement statement2 = StatementBuilder.dropTable("ns", "tbl").ifExists().build();

DROP NAMESPACE

DROP NAMESPACE command drops a namespace.

Grammar

DROP NAMESPACE [IF EXISTS] <namespace name> [CASCADE]

Examples

Examples of DROP NAMESPACE are as follows:

-- Drop a namespace "ns"
DROP NAMESPACE ns;

-- Drop a namespace only if it exists
DROP NAMESPACE IF EXISTS ns;

-- Drop a namespace with cascade
DROP NAMESPACE ns CASCADE;

Examples of building statement objects for DROP NAMESPACE are as follows:

// Drop a namespace "ns"
DropNamespaceStatement statement1 = StatementBuilder.dropNamespace("ns").build();

// Drop a namespace only if it exists
DropNamespaceStatement statement2 = StatementBuilder.dropNamespace("ns").ifExists().build();

// Drop a namespace with cascade
DropNamespaceStatement statement3 = StatementBuilder.dropNamespace("ns").cascade().build();

CREATE COORDINATOR TABLES

CREATE COORDINATOR TABLES command creates coordinator tables.

Grammar

CREATE COORDINATOR TABLES [IF NOT EXIST] [WITH creation_options]

creation_options: <option name>=<option value> [AND <option name>=<option value>] ...

Examples

Examples of CREATE COORDINATOR TABLES are as follows:

-- Create coordinator tables
CREATE COORDINATOR TABLES;

-- Create coordinator tables only if they do not already exist
CREATE COORDINATOR TABLES IF NOT EXIST;

-- Create coordinator tables with options
CREATE COORDINATOR TABLES WITH 'option1' = 'value1' AND 'option2' = 'value2' AND 'option3' = 'value3';

Examples of building statement objects for CREATE COORDINATOR TABLES are as follows:

// Create coordinator tables
CreateCoordinatorTablesStatement statement1 =
    StatementBuilder.createCoordinatorTables().build();

// Create coordinator tables only if they do not already exist
CreateCoordinatorTablesStatement statement2 =
    StatementBuilder.createCoordinatorTables().ifNotExist().build();

// Create coordinator tables with options
CreateCoordinatorTablesStatement statement3 =
    StatementBuilder.createCoordinatorTables()
        .withOption("option1", "value1")
        .withOption("option2", "value2")
        .withOption("option3", "value3")
        .build();

TRUNCATE COORDINATOR TABLES

TRUNCATE COORDINATOR TABLES command truncates coordinator tables.

Grammar

TRUNCATE COORDINATOR TABLES

Examples

An example of building statement objects for TRUNCATE COORDINATOR TABLES is as follows:

// Truncate coordinator tables
TruncateCoordinatorTablesStatement statement =
    StatementBuilder.truncateCoordinatorTables().build();

DROP COORDINATOR TABLES

DROP COORDINATOR TABLES command drops coordinator tables.

Grammar

DROP COORDINATOR TABLES [IF EXIST]

Examples

Examples of DROP COORDINATOR TABLES are as follows:

-- Drop coordinator tables
DROP COORDINATOR TABLES;

-- Drop coordinator tables if they exist
DROP COORDINATOR TABLES IF EXIST;

Examples of building statement objects for DROP COORDINATOR TABLES are as follows:

// Drop coordinator tables
DropCoordinatorTablesStatement statement1 = StatementBuilder.dropCoordinatorTables().build();

// Drop coordinator tables if they exist
DropCoordinatorTablesStatement statement2 =
    StatementBuilder.dropCoordinatorTables().ifExist().build();

ALTER TABLE

ALTER TABLE command alters a table (ex. adding a column).

Grammar

ALTER TABLE [<namespace name>.]<table name> ADD [COLUMN] <column name> data_type

data_type: BOOLEAN | INT | BIGINT | FLOAT | DOUBLE | TEXT | BLOB

Examples

Examples of ALTER TABLE are as follows:

-- Add a new column "new_col" to "ns.tbl"
ALTER TABLE ns.tbl ADD COLUMN new_col INT;

Examples of building statement objects for ALTER TABLE are as follows:

// Add a new column "new_col" to "ns.tbl"
AlterTableAddColumnStatement statement =
    StatementBuilder.alterTable("ns", "tbl").addColumn("new_col", DataType.INT).build();

DML

SELECT

SELECT command retrieves records of the database.

Grammar

SELECT projection [, projection] ...
  FROM [<namespace name>.]<table name>
  [WHERE <identifier> operator <column value> [AND <identifier> operator <column value>] ...]
  [ORDER BY <clustering key identifier> [order] [, <clustering key identifier> [order]] ...]
  [LIMIT <limit>]

projection: * | identifier [AS <alias>]
identifier: [[<namespace name>.]<table name>.]<column name>
operator: = | > | >= | < | <=
order: ASC | DESC

Note

You can specify WHERE clause to primary key columns
In WHERE clause, you can use only the equal to(=) operator for partition key columns, and you can use all the operators for clustering key columns
You can also omit WHERE clause to retrieve all the records of a table
If you omit WHERE clause, you cannot specify ORDER BY
You can also specify WHERE clause to an indexed column
If you specify WHERE clause to an indexed column, you can use only the equal to(=) operator for the index column
If you specify WHERE clause to an indexed column, you cannot specify ORDER BY
You can specify <column value> and <limit> to a bind marker (positional ? and named :<name>)
If you omit order, the default order ASC is used

Please see also Java API Guide - Get operation and Scan operation for more details of retrieving data from the database in ScalarDB

Examples

Let's say you have the following table and index:

CREATE TABLE ns.tbl (
  c1 INT,
  c2 TEXT,
  c3 FLOAT,
  c4 BIGINT,
  c5 BOOLEAN,
  PRIMARY KEY (c1, c2, c3)
) WITH CLUSTERING ORDER BY (c2 DESC, c3 ASC);

CREATE INDEX ON ns.tbl (c4);

Examples of SELECT are as follows:

-- With a full primary key
SELECT * FROM ns.tbl WHERE c1 = 10 AND c2 = 'aaa' AND c3 = 1.23;

-- With a partial primary key
SELECT * FROM ns.tbl WHERE c1 = 10 AND c2 = 'aaa';

-- With projections and a partition key and clustering key boundaries
SELECT c1, c2, c3, c5 FROM ns.tbl WHERE c1 = 10 AND c2 = 'aaa' AND c3 >= 1.23 AND c3 < 4.56;

-- With projections and a partition key and clustering key boundaries and orders and limit
SELECT c1 AS a, c2 AS b, c3 AS c, c5 FROM ns.tbl WHERE c1 = 10 AND c2 > 'aaa' AND c2 <= 'ddd' ORDER BY c2 ASC, c3 DESC LIMIT 10;

-- Without WHERE clause to retrieve all the records of a table
SELECT * FROM ns.tbl;

-- Without WHERE clause and with projections and limit
SELECT c1, c2, c3, c5 FROM ns.tbl LIMIT 10;

-- With an indexed column
SELECT * FROM ns.tbl WHERE c4 = 100;

-- With projections and an indexed column and limit
SELECT c1, c2, c3, c4 FROM ns.tbl WHERE c4 = 100 LIMIT 10;

-- With positional bind markers
SELECT * FROM ns.tbl WHERE c1 = ? AND c2 > ? AND c2 <= ? ORDER BY c2 ASC, c3 DESC LIMIT ?;

Examples of building statement objects for SELECT are as follows:

// With a full primary key
SelectStatement statement1 =
    StatementBuilder.select()
        .from("ns", "tbl")
        .where(Predicate.column("c1").isEqualTo(Value.of(10)))
        .and(Predicate.column("c2").isEqualTo(Value.of("aaa")))
        .and(Predicate.column("c3").isEqualTo(Value.of(1.23F)))
        .build();

// With a partial primary key
SelectStatement statement2 =
    StatementBuilder.select()
        .from("ns", "tbl")
        .where(Predicate.column("c1").isEqualTo(Value.of(10)))
        .and(Predicate.column("c2").isEqualTo(Value.of("aaa")))
        .build();

// With projections and a partition key and clustering key boundaries
SelectStatement statement3 =
    StatementBuilder.select("c1", "c2", "c3", "c5")
        .from("ns", "tbl")
        .where(Predicate.column("c1").isEqualTo(Value.of(10)))
        .and(Predicate.column("c2").isEqualTo(Value.of("aaa")))
        .and(Predicate.column("c3").isGreaterThanOrEqualTo(Value.of(1.23F)))
        .and(Predicate.column("c3").isLessThan(Value.of(4.56F)))
        .build();

// With projections and a partition key and clustering key boundaries and orders and limit
SelectStatement statement4 =
   StatementBuilder.select(
             Projection.column("c1").as("a"),
             Projection.column("c2").as("b"),
             Projection.column("c3").as("c"),
             Projection.column("c5").as("d"))
        .from("ns", "tbl")
        .where(Predicate.column("c1").isEqualTo(Value.of(10)))
        .and(Predicate.column("c2").isGreaterThan(Value.of("aaa")))
        .and(Predicate.column("c2").isLessThanOrEqualTo(Value.of("ddd")))
        .orderBy(Ordering.column("c2").asc(), Ordering.column("c3").desc())
        .limit(10)
        .build();

// Without WHERE clause to retrieve all the records of a table
SelectStatement statement5 = StatementBuilder.select().from("ns", "tbl").build();

// Without WHERE clause and with projections and limit
SelectStatement statement6 =
    StatementBuilder.select("c1", "c2", "c3", "c5").from("ns", "tbl").limit(10).build();

// With an indexed column
SelectStatement statement7 =
    StatementBuilder.select()
        .from("ns", "tbl")
        .where(Predicate.column("c4").isEqualTo(Value.of(100)))
        .build();

// With projections and an indexed column and limit
SelectStatement statement8 =
    StatementBuilder.select("c1", "c2", "c3", "c4")
        .from("ns", "tbl")
        .where(Predicate.column("c4").isEqualTo(Value.of(100)))
        .limit(10)
        .build();

// With positional bind markers
SelectStatement statement9 =
    StatementBuilder.select()
        .from("ns", "tbl")
        .where(Predicate.column("c1").isEqualTo(BindMarker.positional()))
        .and(Predicate.column("c2").isGreaterThan(BindMarker.positional()))
        .and(Predicate.column("c2").isLessThanOrEqualTo(BindMarker.positional()))
        .orderBy(Ordering.column("c2").asc(), Ordering.column("c3").desc())
        .limit(BindMarker.positional())
        .build();

INSERT

INSERT command inserts a record into the database.

Note that unlike the standard SQL, this command doesn't check duplication of the record. So if the record already exists, it doesn't show any error and overwrites the record.

Grammar

INSERT INTO [<namespace name>.]<table name> [(<column name> [, <column name>] ...)] VALUES (<column value> [, <column value>] ...)]

Note that you must specify a full primary key in INSERT. And you can specify <column value> to a bind marker (positional ? and named :<name>).

Examples

Examples of INSERT are as follows:

-- Insert a record without specifying column names
INSERT INTO ns.tbl VALUES (10, 'aaa', 1.23, 100, true);

-- Insert a record with column names
INSERT INTO ns.tbl (c1, c2, c3, c4) VALUES (10, 'aaa', 1.23, 100);

-- With positional bind markers
INSERT INTO tbl VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?);

Examples of building statement objects for INSERT are as follows:

// Insert a record
InsertStatement statement1 = StatementBuilder.insertInto("ns", "tbl")
    .values(
        Assignment.column("c1").value(Value.of(10)),
        Assignment.column("c2").value(Value.of("aaa")),
        Assignment.column("c3").value(Value.of(1.23F)),
        Assignment.column("c4").value(Value.of(100L)),
        Assignment.column("c5").value(Value.of(true))
    ).build();


// With positional bind markers
InsertStatement statement2 = StatementBuilder.insertInto("tbl")
    .values(
        Assignment.column("c1").value(BindMarker.positional()),
        Assignment.column("c2").value(BindMarker.positional()),
        Assignment.column("c3").value(BindMarker.positional()),
        Assignment.column("c4").value(BindMarker.positional()),
        Assignment.column("c5").value(BindMarker.positional())
    ).build();

UPDATE

UPDATE command update a record in the database.

Note that unlike the standard SQL, this command create a record even if the record doesn't exist.

Grammar

UPDATE [<namespace name>.]<table name>
  SET <column name> = <column value> [, <column name> = <column value>] ...
  WHERE <primary key identifier> = <column value> [AND <primary key identifier> = <column value>] ...]

identifier: [[<namespace name>.]<table name>.]<column name>

Note that you must specify a full primary key in UPDATE. And you can specify <column value> to a bind marker (positional ? and named :<name>).

Examples

Examples of UPDATE are as follows:

-- Update a record
UPDATE ns.tbl SET c4 = 200, c5 = false WHERE c1 = 10 AND c2 = 'aaa' AND c3 = 1.23;

-- With positional bind markers
UPDATE ns.tbl SET c4 = ?, c5 = ? WHERE c1 = ? AND c2 = ? AND c3 = ?;

Examples of building statement objects for UPDATE are as follows:

// Update a record
UpdateStatement statement1 =
    StatementBuilder.update("ns", "tbl")
        .set(
            Assignment.column("c4").value(Value.of(200L)),
            Assignment.column("c5").value(Value.of(false)))
        .where(Predicate.column("c1").isEqualTo(Value.of(10)))
        .and(Predicate.column("c2").isEqualTo(Value.of("aaa")))
        .and(Predicate.column("c3").isEqualTo(Value.of(1.23F)))
        .build();

// With positional bind markers
UpdateStatement statement2 =
    StatementBuilder.update("tbl")
        .set(
            Assignment.column("c4").value(BindMarker.positional()),
            Assignment.column("c5").value(BindMarker.positional()))
        .where(Predicate.column("c1").isEqualTo(BindMarker.positional()))
        .and(Predicate.column("c2").isEqualTo(BindMarker.positional()))
        .and(Predicate.column("c3").isEqualTo(BindMarker.positional()))
        .build();

DELETE

DELETE command deletes a record in the database.

Grammar

DELETE FROM [<namespace name>.]<table name> WHERE <primary key identifier> = <column value> [AND <primary key identifier> = <column value>] ...]

identifier: [[<namespace name>.]<table name>.]<column name>

Note that you must specify a full primary key in DELETE. And you can specify <column value> to a bind marker (positional ? and named :<name>).

Examples

Examples of DELETE are as follows:

-- Update a record
DELETE FROM ns.tbl WHERE c1 = 10 AND c2 = 'aaa' AND c3 = 1.23;

-- With positional bind markers
DELETE FROM tbl WHERE c1 = ? AND c2 = ? AND c3 = ?;

Examples of building statement objects for DELETE are as follows:

// Delete a record
DeleteStatement statement1 =
    StatementBuilder.deleteFrom("ns", "tbl")
        .where(Predicate.column("c1").isEqualTo(Value.of(10)))
        .and(Predicate.column("c2").isEqualTo(Value.of("aaa")))
        .and(Predicate.column("c3").isEqualTo(Value.of(1.23F)))
        .build();

// With positional bind markers
DeleteStatement statement2 =
    StatementBuilder.deleteFrom("tbl")
        .where(Predicate.column("c1").isEqualTo(BindMarker.positional()))
        .and(Predicate.column("c2").isEqualTo(BindMarker.positional()))
        .and(Predicate.column("c3").isEqualTo(BindMarker.positional()))
        .build();

Others

USE

USE command specifies a default namespace. If a namespace name is omitted in a SQL, the default namespace is used.

Grammar

USE <namespace name>

Examples

An example of USE is as follows:

-- Specify a default namespace name "ns"
USE ns;

An example of building statement objects for USE is as follows:

// Specify a default namespace name "ns"
UseStatement statement = StatementBuilder.use("ns").build();

BEGIN

BEGIN command begins a transaction.

This command returns the following column:

transactionId: TEXT - a transaction ID associated with the transaction you have begun

Grammar

BEGIN

Examples

An example of building statement objects for BEGIN is as follows:

// Begin a transaction
BeginStatement statement = StatementBuilder.begin().build();

JOIN

JOIN command joins a transaction associated with the specified transaction ID.

Grammar

JOIN <transaction ID>

Examples

An example of JOIN is as follows:

-- Join a transaction
JOIN 'id';

An example of building statement objects for JOIN is as follows:

// Join a transaction
JoinStatement statement = StatementBuilder.join("id").build();

PREPARE

PREPARE command prepares the current transaction.

Grammar

PREPARE

Examples

An example of building statement objects for PREPARE is as follows:

// Prepare the current transaction
PrepareStatement statement = StatementBuilder.prepare().build();

VALIDATE

VALIDATE command validates the current transaction.

Grammar

VALIDATE

Examples

An example of building statement objects for VALIDATE is as follows:

// Validate the current transaction
ValidateStatement statement = StatementBuilder.validate().build();

COMMIT

COMMIT command commits the current transaction.

Grammar

COMMIT

Examples

An example of building statement objects for COMMIT is as follows:

// Commit the current transaction
CommitStatement statement = StatementBuilder.commit().build();

ROLLBACK

ROLLBACK command rolls back the current transaction.

Grammar

ROLLBACK

Examples

An example of building statement objects for ROLLBACK is as follows:

// Rollback the current transaction
RollbackStatement statement = StatementBuilder.rollback().build();

SET MODE

SET MODE command switches the current transaction mode.

Grammar

SET MODE transaction_mode

transaction_mode: TRANSACTION | TWO_PHASE_COMMIT_TRANSACTION

Examples

An example of SET MODE is as follows:

-- Switch the current transaction mode to Two-phase Commit Transaction
SET MODE TWO_PHASE_COMMIT_TRANSACTION;

An example of building statement objects for SET MODE is as follows:

// Switch the current transaction mode to Two-phase Commit Transaction
SetModeStatement statement =
    StatementBuilder.setMode(TransactionMode.TWO_PHASE_COMMIT_TRANSACTION).build();

SHOW TABLES

SHOW TABLES command shows table names in a namespace. If a namespace name is omitted, the default namespace is used.

This command returns the following column:

tableName: TEXT - a table name

Grammar

SHOW TABLES [FROM <namespace name>]

Examples

Examples of SHOW TABLES is as follows:

-- Show table names in the default namespace
SHOW TABLES;

-- Show table names in a namespace "ns"
SHOW TABLES FROM ns;

Examples of building statement objects for SET MODE is as follows:

// Show table names in the default namespace
ShowTablesStatement statement1 = StatementBuilder.showTables().build();

// Show table names in a namespace "ns"
ShowTablesStatement statement2 = StatementBuilder.showTables().from("ns").build();

DESCRIBE

DESCRIBE command returns column metadata for the specified table.

This command returns the following columns:

columnName: TEXT - a table name
type: TEXT - a type name
isPrimaryKey: BOOLEAN - whether it's a column part of primary key
isPartitionKey: BOOLEAN - whether it's a column part of partition key
isClusteringKey: BOOLEAN - whether it's a column part of clustering key
clusteringOrder: TEXT - a clustering order
isIndexed: BOOLEAN - whether it's a indexed column

Grammar

DESCRIBE [<namespace name>.]<table name>

DESC [<namespace name>.]<table name>

Examples

Examples of DESCRIBE is as follows:

-- Returns column metadata for "ns.tbl"
DESCRIBE ns.tbl;

-- Returns column metadata for "tbl"
DESC tbl;

Examples of building statement objects for DESCRIBE is as follows:

// Returns column metadata for "ns.tbl"
DescribeStatement statement1 = StatementBuilder.describe("ns", "tbl").build();

// Returns column metadata for "tbl"
DescribeStatement statement2 = StatementBuilder.describe("tbl").build();

SUSPEND

SUSPEND command suspends the ongoing transaction in the current session.

Grammar

SUSPEND

Examples

Examples of building statement objects for SUSPEND is as follows:

// Suspend the ongonig transaction in the current session
SuspendStatement statement = StatementBuilder.suspend().build();

RESUME

RESUME command resumes the transaction associated with the specified transaction ID in the current session.

Grammar

RESUME <transaction ID>

Examples

An example of RESUME is as follows:

-- Resume a transaction
RESUME 'id';

An example of building statement objects for RESUME is as follows:

// Resume a transaction
ResumeStatement statement = StatementBuilder.resume("id").build();

DDL​

CREATE NAMESPACE​

Grammar​

Examples​

CREATE TABLE​

Grammar​

Examples​

CREATE INDEX​

Grammar​

Examples​

TRUNCATE TABLE​

Grammar​

Examples​

DROP INDEX​

Grammar​

Examples​

DROP TABLE​

Grammar​

Examples​

DROP NAMESPACE​

Grammar​

Examples​

CREATE COORDINATOR TABLES​

Grammar​

Examples​

TRUNCATE COORDINATOR TABLES​

Grammar​

Examples​

DROP COORDINATOR TABLES​

Grammar​

Examples​

ALTER TABLE​

Grammar​

Examples​

DML​

SELECT​

Grammar​

Note​

Examples​

INSERT​

Grammar​

Examples​

UPDATE​

Grammar​

Examples​

DELETE​

Grammar​

Examples​

Others​

USE​

Grammar​

Examples​

BEGIN​

Grammar​

Examples​

JOIN​

Grammar​

Examples​

PREPARE​

Grammar​

Examples​

VALIDATE​

Grammar​

Examples​

COMMIT​

Grammar​

Examples​

ROLLBACK​

Grammar​

Examples​

SET MODE​

Grammar​

Examples​

SHOW TABLES​

Grammar​

Examples​

DESCRIBE​

Grammar​

Examples​

SUSPEND​

DDL

CREATE NAMESPACE

Grammar

Examples

CREATE TABLE

Grammar

Examples

CREATE INDEX

Grammar

Examples

TRUNCATE TABLE

Grammar

Examples

DROP INDEX

Grammar

Examples

DROP TABLE

Grammar

Examples

DROP NAMESPACE

Grammar

Examples

CREATE COORDINATOR TABLES

Grammar

Examples

TRUNCATE COORDINATOR TABLES

Grammar

Examples

DROP COORDINATOR TABLES

Grammar

Examples

ALTER TABLE

Grammar

Examples

DML

SELECT

Grammar

Note

Examples

INSERT

Grammar

Examples

UPDATE

Grammar

Examples

DELETE

Grammar

Examples

Others

USE

Grammar

Examples

BEGIN

Grammar

Examples

JOIN

Grammar

Examples

PREPARE

Grammar

Examples

VALIDATE

Grammar

Examples

COMMIT

Grammar

Examples

ROLLBACK

Grammar

Examples

SET MODE

Grammar

Examples

SHOW TABLES

Grammar

Examples

DESCRIBE

Grammar

Examples

SUSPEND